Identification of sex pheromones of four economically important species in genusDendrolimus

The female-produced sex pheromone of Dendrolimus superans was identified by gas chromatography (GC), coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electroantennographic (EAG) studies and field tests as a blend of (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadienal (Z5,E7-12:Ald) and (Z,E)-5,7-dodeca- dien-1-ol (Z5,E7-12:OH). In D. kikuchii, (Z,E)-5,7-dodeca- dien-1-yl acetate (Z5,E7-12:OAc) and Z5,E7-12:OH were found by GC and GC-MS analyses. However, in EAG studies male antennae were more sensitive to Z5,E7-12:OAc and (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-yl propionate (Z5,E7-12:OPr) than Z5,E7-12:OH. For D. spectabilis, Z5,E7-12:OH had been previously reported as the sex pheromone. However, in our studies, traps baited with Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12:OPr in a ratio of 1:1:1 caught three times more males than those baited with Z5,E7-12:OH alone. Relatively strong EAG responses were elicited from male antennae by Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12:OPr, but in addition to Z5,E7-12:OH, only very small amounts of Z5,E7- 12:OAc was found in the pheromone gland. These facts suggest that Z5,E7-12:OAc is a pheromone minor components and Z5,E7-12:OPr is a sex attractant in D. spectabilis. For D. tabulaeformis, Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12: OPr were found in extracts of pheromone glands of female moths, and the three compounds elicited strong EAG responses from antennae of male moths. These three compounds have been reported as a sex attractant of D. tabulaeformis, and our data confirm their roles as components of the sex pheromone of this species. The role of blend components in antagonizing cross attraction between congeners is discussed.     

马尾松毛虫生物学特性及生物防治初探

马尾松毛虫在福建一年发生 2 - 3代 ,其 1龄和 2龄幼虫群集取食 ,成虫昼伏夜出 ,以 2 l:0 0 - 2 3:0 0时活动最盛 ,趋光性强 ,雌蛾产卵量平均为 193粒。通过生物农药“天时”对松毛虫四龄幼虫的毒力测定 ,结果表明 :“天时”对其幼虫具有较高的活性 ,4 8h的 LC50 为 0 .0 0 0 15 4mg/ m L。这为马尾松毛虫的综合防治提供了理论依据。     

柳杉毛虫高毒力白僵菌Bbd3菌株的筛选及应用

对天然柳杉毛虫僵虫组织分离纯化,选取8株菌株在PDA 虫尸培养基上培养,在比较菌粉质量以及不同菌株室内外毒力测定试验基础上,筛选出菌丝生长快、产孢时间短、产孢量高、对柳杉毛虫毒力强的2株Bbd3和Bbd6高毒力白僵菌优良菌株,将具最优品质的Bbd3菌株大规模生产和大面积防治应用,菌粉平均含孢量达3.09×1010个/g,平均孢子萌发率达99.1%,平均防治效果达92%以上。     

福建省马尾松毛虫灾区区划及其应用

根据区划理论，应用现代数学方法和计算方法，将福建省马尾松毛虫灾区分为3个区和3个危险程度等级。并按照不同的危险程度等级区域，分别建立了发生面积预测预报模型。经检验。该模型具有较高的精度，可以推广应用。     

松毛虫脊茧蜂生物学特性的研究

<正>松毛虫脊茧蜂是马尾松毛虫幼虫常见的寄生性天敌,国内分布广泛。在苏皖地区对松毛虫幼虫的平均寄生率为1.8～20.1％。该蜂在苏皖地区一年发生2代,以幼虫在越冬代3～4龄松毛虫幼虫体内越冬。翌年2～3月寄主幼虫虫体缩小,两端微尖,中间隆起呈纺锤形,固定在树皮下或小枝、针叶等部位。越冬代及第1代成虫发生期长,幼虫有滞育现象,因此生活史不整齐,有世代重叠现象。蛹期19～24天。成虫在白天羽化、交尾、产卵,平均寿命7.7～24.7天,补充营养可延长寿命。成虫有较强趋光性,脊茧蜂的诱虫量与松毛虫发生数量密切相关。茧蛹期有5种重寄生天敌,全年平均重寄生率18.6％,其中以窄柄姬蜂最为重要。     

宁溧山区松毛虫生物学特性与为害量的研究

<正>通过8代马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimus punctatus Walker)幼虫室内饲养和野外调查,明确了该虫在宁溧山区一年发生2～3代,以2代为主,幼虫一生为害针叶量接近3000cm,折合鲜重13.4g,干重5.04g。不同性别的幼虫取食量和排粪量均有显著差异,末龄幼虫为害量占总为害量的70％以上。幼龄林上的幼虫越冬期大都在梢头针叶丛中。     

黑足凹眼姬蜂生物学特性的研究

<正>黑足凹眼姬蜂是马尾松毛虫幼虫重要的寄生性天敌,在江苏、安徽两省,对马尾松毛虫幼虫的平均寄生率为3.4～50％。该蜂在南京一年发生5代,以幼虫在3～4龄越冬代马尾松毛虫幼虫体内越冬。卵～幼虫期28d,蛹期10～20d,成虫在白天交尾、产卵。成虫寿命2.8～13.6d。无趋光性。雌蜂的平均怀卵量67～207。黑足凹眼姬蜂的茧蛹重寄生天敌有8种,平均重寄生率27.9％,最高重寄生率29.5％(越冬代),其中以次生大腿小蜂为主。     

马尾松毛虫防治指标的研究

<正>1983～1985年,在江苏省溧水林场对马尾松毛虫室内外取食针叶量、自然虫害和人工剪叶模拟虫害以及各种防治方法的效益等进行了测定和调查。结果表明,松毛虫自然为害与人工剪叶模拟处理对树木生长量的影响是趋于一致的。稂据松树损失针叶量与树木生长损失量的关系,提出了该地区马尾松毛虫的防治指标。     

Age structure and growth in an isolated population of Pelodytes punctatus in northern Spain

We studied the age structure and the growth of a breeding population of parsley frogs, Pelodytes punctatus, from a pond system in northern Spain using skeletochronological methods. This population lives in an upland area with marked seasonal differences characterized by long, cold winters and dry summers. We assessed, using the mark–recapture method, the annual periodicity of bone growth marks. Only one line of arrested growth is laid down per winter, showing, in general, a well-defined histological structure. Females are larger than males with 43.31 and 36.32?mm average body length, respectively. This sexual dimorphism in body length increases with age. Males and females reach sexual maturity when they are 1 year old. The oldest males were 8 years old while the females were 2 years older. Growth curves for both sexes were constructed based on body size and the number of lines of arrested growth found in bone sections. The growth rate of males declined abruptly after the first year. Females delayed reproduction and continued to grow at a high rate for 2 years longer than males, thus reaching a higher asymptotic size.     

马尾松毛虫感染绿僵菌后体壁组织和血淋巴的病理生化分析

利用聚内烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，分析金龟子绿僵菌感染马尾松毛虫3～4龄幼虫在3天、4天、6天后，体壁组织中蛋白质和过氧化物酶及血淋巴中过氧化物酶的变化情况。结果表明，金龟子绿僵菌对马尾松毛虫体壁组织蛋白质代谢产生很大影响，过氧化物酶活性有减弱趋势。